How do you design a website with multilingual support in ASP.NET?

Multilingual website can be created using Globalization and Localization.

Using Globalization we change the Currency Date Numbers etc to Language Specific Format.

To change the string which is there in the label button etc to language specific string we use Localization.

What are the different types of sessions in ASP.Net? Name them.?

Session Management can be achieved in two ways

1)InProc
2)OutProc

OutProc is again two types
1)State Server
2)SQL Server

InProcAdv.:
1) Faster as session resides in the same process as the application
2) No need to serialize the data

DisAdv.:
1) Will degrade the performance of the application if large chunk of data is stored
2) On restart of IIS all the Session info will be lost

State ServerAdv.:
1) Faster then SQL Server session management 
2) Safer then InProc. As IIS restart 
won't effect the session data

DisAdv.:
1) Data need to be serialized
2) On restart of ASP.NET State Service session info will be lost
3)Slower as compared to InProc

SQL ServerAdv.:
1) Reliable and Durable
2) IIS and ASP.NET State Service 
restart won't effect the session data
3) Good place for storing large chunk of data

DisAdv.:
1) Data need to be serialized
2) Slower as compare to InProc and State Server
3)Need to purchase Licensed 
version of SQL Serve 

What is the difference between adding reference in solution Explorer and adding references by USING ?

Adding reference in solution explorer is used to add the DLL for that project for reference only. If you want to utilize that DLL methods/functions in our aspx.cs/.cs file etc you must write using that nameclass library name in file.

Where do the Cookie State and Session State information be stored?

Cookie Information will be stored in a txt file on client system under a 
folder named Cookies. Search for it in your system you will find it.

Coming to Session State
As we know for every process some default space will be allocated by OS.

In case of InProc Session Info will be stored inside the process where our 
application is running.
In case of StateServer Session Info will be stored using ASP.NET State Service.
In case of SQLServer Session info will be stored inside Database. Default DB 
which will be created after running InstallSQLState Script is ASPState.

What is the difference between custom web user control and a custom web server control?

Web User Control:
1) Easy to Create.
2) It Can be used inside the same Application.(To use it in other application we need to add it to that project.)
3) It Can take advantage of Caching Technique.

Web Server Control:
1) Bit tuff to create as compare to User Control.
2) Easy to use.
3) Can be added to ToolBox

Where is the View state Data stored?

ViewState data is stored in the hidden field. When the page is submitted to the server the data is sent to the server in the form of hidden fields for each control. If th viewstate of the control is enable true the value is retained on the post back to the client when the page is post backed. 

what events will occur when a page is loaded?

Below are the events occures during page load.

1) Page_PreInit
2) Page_Init
3) Page_InitComplete
4) Page_PreLoad 

What is the use of AutoWireup in asp.net?

AutoEventWireup attribute is used to set whether the events needs to be automatically generated or not.
In the case where AutoEventWireup attribute is set to false (by default) event handlers are automatically required for Page_Load or Page_Init. However when we set the value of the AutoEventWireup attribute to true the ASP.NET runtime does not require events to specify event handlers like Page_Load or Page_Init. 

what is boxing and unboxing?

Boxing is what happens when a value-type object is assigned to a reference-type variable.
Unboxing is what happens when a reference-type variable is assigned to a value-type variable.

what is the difference between application state and caching?

Application Object and Cached Object both falls under Server side State Management.

Application object resides in InProc i.e. on the same server where we hosted our application.
Cache Object resides on server side/ DownStream/Client Side.

Application Object will be disposed once application will stop.
Cache Object can be disposed using Time based cache dependency.

Only one user can access Application Object at a time hence we have to lock it every time we modify it. 

Can User Control be stored in library?.

I will say "NO"

there are 3 types of controls:
1) User Control
2) Custom Control
3) Web parts

you can reuse User control in the current project in which you have built it, but you can't move it to other project as unless you just copy paste the same file there and make the changes for that project ( which violets the concept of library).

but custom control can be shared between projects. and you can precompile them even as a dll, so this means you can use them in library of any type. 

What is Ispostback method in ASP.Net? Why do we use that??

Basically Post back is an action performed by a interactive Webpage. When it goes to the server side for a non-client Operation Server again posts it back to the client and hence the name.
Ex:

if(!IsPostBack)

will not allow the page to post back again n again bcoz it reduces the performance. 

how does the cookies work in asp.net?

we know Http is an state-less protocol which is required for interaction between clinet and server .

so there is an need to remeber state of request raised by an web browser so that 
web server can recognize you have already previously visited or not.

There are two types of state management techniques:
a) Client side state management
b) Server - side statemanagement

Using cookies comes under clinet side statemanagement .In HttpResponse we write 
Cookie containing sessionId and other information within it.

when a browser made a request to the web server the same cookie is sent to the server where server recognize the session id and get other information stored to it previously. 

Explain the life cycle of an ASP .NET page.?

Following are the events occur during ASP.NET Page Life Cycle:

1)Page_PreInit
2)Page_Init
3)Page_InitComplete
4)Page_PreLoad
5)Page_Load
6)Control Events
7)Page_LoadComplete
8)Page_PreRender
9)SaveViewState
10)Page_Render
11)Page_Unload

Among above events Page_Render is the only event which is raised by page. So we can't write code for this event. 

Can multiple catch blocks be executed?

No, once the proper catch code fires off, the control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any), and then whatever follows the finally block.

What’s the C# equivalent of C++ catch (…), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception?

A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.

Will finally block get executed if the exception had not occurred?

Yes

What’s class SortedList underneath?

A sorted HashTable.

What’s the .NET datatype that allows the retrieval of data by a unique key?

Hash Table

How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?

By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.

What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?

The first one performs a deep copy of the array, the second one is shallow.

Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?

No

What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?

StringBuilder is more efficient in the cases, where a lot of manipulation is done to the text. Strings are immutable, so each time it’s being operated on, a new instance is created.

What are Aggregate functions? Explain Aggregate functions in SQL SERVER 2008 with example.

AVG: Calculates the arithmetic mean (average) of the data values contained within a column. The column must contain numeric values.

MAX and MIN: Calculate the maximum and minimum data value of the column, respectively. The column can contain numeric, string, and date/time values.

SUM: Calculates the total of all data values in a column. The column must contain numeric values.

COUNT: Calculates the number of (non-null) data values in a column. The only aggregate function not being applied to columns is COUNT(*). This function returns the number of rows (whether or not particular columns have NULL values).

COUNT_BIG: New and Analogous to COUNT, the only difference being that COUNT_BIG returns a value of the BIGINT data type.

Aggregate function Example:
SELECT ProjectName, SUM(budget) TotalBudget FROM Project_Tbl GROUP BY ProjectName;

Difference between DataList and Repeater controls

The DataList control is similar to the Repeater control. However, it has some additional properties and templates that you can use to display its data in a diverse fashion. The Repeater control does not have any built-in layout or style. We are forced to specify all formatting-related HTML elements and style tags. On the other hand, a DataList control provides more flexibility to display data in a desired layout. It also provides data selection and editing capabilities. How does it do it? Well, in addition to the five templates (Item Template, AlternatingItem Template, Separator Template, Header Template, Footer Template that a repeater has, the DataList control has two more templates: SelectedItemTemplate, and EditItemTemplate. These templates are useful for allowing data selection and data editing functionalities. 

Explain different isolation levels

An isolation level determines the degree of isolation of data between concurrent transactions. The default SQL Server isolation level is Read Committed. Here are the other isolation levels (in the ascending order of isolation): Read Uncommitted, Read Committed, Repeatable Read, Serializable. See SQL Server books online for an explanation of the isolation levels. Be sure to read about SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL, which lets you customize the isolation level at the connection level.

What is a transaction and what are ACID properties?

A transaction is a logical unit of work in which, all the steps must be performed or none. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability. These are the properties of a transaction. For more information and explanation of these properties, see SQL Server books online or any RDBMS fundamentals text book.

Define candidate key, alternate key, composite key.

A candidate key is one that can identify each row of a table uniquely. Generally a candidate key becomes the primary key of the table. If the table has more than one candidate key, one of them will become the primary key, and the rest are called alternate keys.

What is bit datatype and what's the information that can be stored inside a bit column?

Bit datatype is used to store Boolean information like 1 or 0 (true or false). Until SQL Server 6.5 bit datatype could hold either a 1 or 0 and there was no support for NULL. But from SQL Server 7.0 onwards, bit datatype can represent a third state, which is NULL.

What are user defined datatypes and when you should go for them?

User defined datatypes let you extend the base SQL Server datatypes by providing a descriptive name, and format to the database. Take for example, in your database, there is a column called Flight_Num which appears in many tables. In all these tables it should be varchar(8). In this case you could create a user defined datatype called Flight_num_type of varchar(8) and use it across all your tables.

What's the difference between a primary key and a unique key?

Both primary key and unique enforce uniqueness of the column on which they are defined. But by default primary key creates a clustered index on the column, where are unique creates a nonclustered index by default. Another major difference is that, primary key doesn't allow NULLs, but unique key allows one NULL only.

How do you implement one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many relationships while designing tables?

One-to-One relationship can be implemented as a single table and rarely as two tables with primary and foreign key relationships. One-to-Many relationships are implemented by splitting the data into two tables with primary key and foreign key relationships. Many-to-Many relationships are implemented using a junction table with the keys from both the tables forming the composite primary key of the junction table.

What is denormalization and when would you go for it?

As the name indicates, denormalization is the reverse process of normalization. It's the controlled introduction of redundancy in to the database design. It helps improve the query performance as the number of joins could be reduced.

What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from Some data source to the Repeater control?

Set the DataMember property to the name of the table to bnd to.(if this propery is not set, by default the first table in the dataset is used)

DataBind method ,use this method to bind data from a source to a server control. This method is commonly used after retrieving a data set through a database query.

What are the types of Authentication in .Net?

We have three types of authentication in :

1.      Form Authentication

2.      Windows authentication

3.      passport authentication

Describe b/w inline and code behind –which is best in a loosely coupled solution

Asp.net supports two modes of page development:page logic code that is written inside< runat=”server”> blocks within an .aspx file and dynamically compiled the first time the page is requested on the server.page logic code that is written within an external class that

Is compiled prior to development on a server and linked “”behind “” the .aspx file at run time.

What is the method to register javascript in Asp.net?

A.Client.RegisterStartUpScript()

Eg:

ClientScript.RegisterStartup(GetType(), “key,”script”);

How to create image gallery

The css is



<style type="text/css">

.gallerycontainer{
position: relative;
/*Add a height attribute and set to largest image's height to prevent overlaying*/
}

.thumbnail img{
border: 1px solid white;
margin: 0 5px 5px 0;
}

.thumbnail:hover{
background-color: transparent;
}

.thumbnail:hover img{
border: 1px solid blue;
}

.thumbnail span{ /*CSS for enlarged image*/
position: absolute;
background-color: lightyellow;
padding: 5px;
left: -1000px;
border: 1px dashed gray;
visibility: hidden;
color: black;
text-decoration: none;
}

.thumbnail span img{ /*CSS for enlarged image*/
border-width: 0;
padding: 2px;
}

.thumbnail:hover span{ /*CSS for enlarged image*/
visibility: visible;
top: 0;
left: 230px; /*position where enlarged image should offset horizontally */
z-index: 50;
}

</style>

HTML is

<div class="gallerycontainer">

<a class="thumbnail" href="#thumb"><img src="media/tree_thumb.jpg" width="100px" height="66px" border="0" /><span><img src="media/tree.jpg" /><br />Simply beautiful.</span></a>

<a class="thumbnail" href="#thumb"><img src="media/ocean_thumb.jpg" width="100px" height="66px" border="0" /><span><img src="media/ocean.jpg" /><br />So real, it's unreal. Or is it?</span></a>

<br />

<a class="thumbnail" href="#thumb"><img src="media/sushi2_thumb.jpg" width="100px" height="75px" border="0" /><span><img src="media/sushi2.jpg" /><br />Sushi for dinner anyone?</span></a> 

<a class="thumbnail" href="#thumb"><img src="media/horses_thumb.jpg" width="100px" height="70px" border="0" /><span><img src="media/horses.jpg" /><br />Run wild with horses.</span></a>

<br />

<a class="thumbnail" href="#thumb">Dynamic Drive<span><img src="media/dynamicdrive.gif" /><br />Dynamic Drive</span></a>

<br />

<a class="thumbnail" href="#thumb">Zoka Coffee<span><img src="media/zoka.gif" /><br />Zoka Coffee</span></a>

</div>